Docker - 制作Nginx镜像

Docker Comments

本文基于腾讯云云服务器CVM系统工具配置文章的基础上，在腾讯云云服务器(CentOS系统)上基于镜像文件Dockerfile制作 Nginx 镜像。

本教程的示例代码: nginx-1.21.6-image

Nginx config

nginx.conf

Docker Nginx镜像里使用的 Nginx 配置:

nginxConfig/nginx.conf
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#user  nobody;
worker_processes  2;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   /opt/app/nginx;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

Nginx 静态页面

Nginx镜像构建的时候，将 dist 目录下面的静态文件 COPY 进 Nginx 服务的根目录(/opt/app/nginx)里。

Nginx 安装包

Nginx 官网

在官网里下载 Nginx 安装包

Nginx 安装包放置 packages 目录下面。

解压 packages/nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz 安装包。

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tar -zxvf nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz

ENTRYPOINT 启动脚本

ENTRYPOINT 启动脚本放置 scripts 目录下面。

scripts/run.sh

scripts/run.sh
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#!/bin/bash

# 启动 nginx 服务
/usr/local/services/nginx/sbin/nginx

# run the command given as arguments from CMD
exec "$@"

Dockerfile

Dockerfile

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# Nginx 服务镜像
# - https://hub.docker.com/_/centos?tab=tags&page=1
FROM centos:centos7.9.2009

WORKDIR /opt/app

LABEL maintainer="luqiangzeng@gmail.com"

# 定义环境变量
ENV NGINX_PACKAGE_PATH /usr/local/services/nginx-1.21.6
ENV NGINX_PATH /usr/local/services/nginx

COPY ./packages/nginx-1.21.6 ${NGINX_PACKAGE_PATH}

COPY ./scripts/ /opt/app/scripts/

ADD ./dist/index.html ./nginx/index.html

RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx && \
  yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ openssl openssl-devel make libssl-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev pcre-devel && \
  cd ${NGINX_PACKAGE_PATH} && \
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-ipv6 --with-http_sub_module && \
  make && make install

COPY ./nginxConfig/nginx.conf ${NGINX_PATH}/conf/nginx.conf

ENTRYPOINT ["/opt/app/scripts/run.sh"]

当前目录结构:

构建镜像

备注: 在Dockerfile路径下执行docker build

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docker build -t nginx-demo .

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docker images

运行镜像

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docker run --name nginx-demo -p 80:80 -d nginx-demo /usr/sbin/init

检查运行的容器:

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docker ps -a
curl http://localhost

进入容器镜像终端:

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docker exec -it nginx-demo /bin/sh

Docker Hub

将镜像推送到 Docker Hub 上。

创建好 Docker Hub 账号

在终端登录 Docker Hub 账号

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docker login

打 tag

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# 注意: xxxxxxx 改为自己的 Docker Hub 账号
docker image tag nginx-demo:latest xxxxxxx/nginx-demo:1.0.0
docker image tag nginx-demo:latest xxxxxxx/nginx-demo:latest

推送到 Docker Hub

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# 推送 1.0.0 版本镜像
docker push luqiangzeng/nginx-demo:1.0.0
# 推送 latest 版本镜像
docker push luqiangzeng/nginx-demo:latest

归档存储

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docker save luqiangzeng/nginx-demo:1.0.0 | gzip > ./nginx-demo.1.0.0.tgz

载入本地归档存储的镜像文件镜像

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docker load -i ./nginx-demo.1.0.0.tgz

运行镜像:

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docker run --name nginx-demo -p 80:80 -d luqiangzeng/nginx-demo:1.0.0 /usr/sbin/init

停止运行容器container:

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docker stop <CONTAINER ID>
docker stop 49029f581e06

删除运行容器container:

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docker rm -f <CONTAINER ID>
docker rm -f 49029f581e06

通过 VS Code 端口转发在本地 mac 机器访问

Docker Compose

Docker Compose安装

1、将容器中Nginx根目录(/opt/app/nginx) 挂载至本机的目录(/home/coder/app/nginx-demo/html)上:

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# 创建 /home/coder/app/nginx-demo/html 文件夹
mkdir -p /home/coder/app/nginx-demo/html

2、在本机创建 ./html/index.html 文件:

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cat > ./html/index.html <<EOF # 开始
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>test html/index.html</h1>
</body>
</html>
EOF

3、docker-compose.yml 的配置:
docker-compose.yml

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version: "2"
networks:
  default:
    driver: bridge

services:
  nginx-demo:
    restart: always
    # 镜像
    image: luqiangzeng/nginx-demo:1.0.0
    container_name: nginx-demo
    # 将容器中Nginx根目录(`/opt/app/nginx`) 挂载至本机的目录上
    volumes:
      - /home/coder/app/nginx-demo/html:/opt/app/nginx
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      # 若开启 https 可以映射443端口
      # - "443:443"
    command: /usr/sbin/init

4、执行 docker-compose up 命令来启动并运行整个应用程序:

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# https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/compose_up/
docker-compose up

# 如果你想在后台执行该服务可以加上 -d 参数:
# Detached mode: Run containers in the background
docker-compose up -d

5、相关指令

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# 查看 docker 日志
docker-compose logs -f nginx-demo

# 进入容器container终端
docker-compose exec nginx-demo bash

# 停止 nginx-demo 容器container
docker-compose down

# 重建和更新容器
docker-compose up -d --no-deps --build nginx-demo

进入容器container终端，查看 Nginx 根目录文件: docker-compose exec nginx-demo bash

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